From medcentral.com
New research highlights nutrition’s expanding role in the inflammatory skin condition
Dietary interventions may help reduce psoriasis severity and, in some cases, the development of the inflammatory skin condition. Nutrition may be the key.
Emerging evidence supports the role of nutrition in psoriasis management, including the potential benefits of plant-based and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns, the role of weight loss and adiposity in psoriasis pathogenesis, and the relationship between diet quality and long-term psoriasis risk. As patient interest in nutrition counselling continues to increase, the latest research outlined below may help you identify opportunities for practical, evidence-informed discussions around psoriasis diet and care.
Healthy Plant-Based Eating May Reduce Psoriasis Incidence
Goals
This prospective cohort study evaluated whether adherence to different dietary quality patterns was associated with incident psoriasis risk and whether genetic susceptibility modified these associations. Investigators used UK Biobank data to assess plant-based dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet adherence, inflammatory dietary indices, and other diet quality measures in relation to future psoriasis development.
Study Details
Investigators analysed 121,299 UK Biobank participants without psoriasis at baseline who completed at least two Oxford WebQ 24-hour dietary recalls. Median follow-up was 11.4 years; 822 incident psoriasis cases were identified through self-report, hospital, and primary care records.
Ten dietary quality indices were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, clinical, environmental, and body mass index (BMI) covariates, including the Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI), Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Diet Index, and Dietary Inflammatory Index.
Strengths included the large prospective design, repeated dietary assessments, and integration of polygenic risk scores. Limitations included reliance on self-reported dietary intake, limited ethnic diversity, potential residual confounding, observational design preventing causal inference, and lack of psoriasis-specific immunologic biomarkers.
Key Findings
Participants with the highest adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern (PDI scores 56 to 77) had a 19% lower risk of incident psoriasis compared with those with the lowest adherence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.806; 95% CI, 0.651 to 0.997), although no statistically significant interaction (P for trend = 0.028) between diet and genetic susceptibility was identified.
Greater intake of less healthy plant-based foods, including refined grains (HR, 1.097; 95% CI, 1.032 to 1.165) and sweets/desserts (HR, 1.086; 95% CI, 1.030 to 1.144), was associated with increased psoriasis risk, while healthier plant-based dietary patterns appeared protective across multiple sensitivity analyses.
Mediation analyses suggested that reductions in adiposity and serum urate partially explained the relationship between plant-based diets and psoriasis risk, with BMI mediating approximately 14% of the observed protective association.
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